A Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX)‐Anchored Rhenium(I) Photosensitizer Evokes Pyroptosis for Enhanced Anti‐Tumor Immunity

Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX activity and expression.

Metastatic tumors are often hypoxic exhibiting a decrease in extracellular pH (~6.5) due to a metabolic transition described by the Warburg Effect. This shift in tumor cell metabolism alters the tumor milieu inducing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and often resistance to common anti-cancer treatments; hence hindering treatment of aggressive cancers. As a re...

Recent Developments in Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX for Cancer Therapeutics

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia-inducible enzyme that is overexpressed by cancer cells from many tumor types, and is a component of the pH regulatory system invoked by these cells to combat the deleterious effects of a high rate of glycolytic metabolism. CAIX functions to help produce and maintain an intracellular pH (pHi) favorable for tumor cell growth and survival, while at the sa...

Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Adult and Pediatric Brain Tumors

carbonic Anhydrase IX shedding Through exosomes in Renal carcinoma cells

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in clear cell carcinoma of the kidney and in a wide variety of other human cancers. Its expression is largely under the control of intratumoral hypoxia and in some subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), by the presence of a defective version of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene by which the HIF-1α factor is stabilize...

Downregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Promotes Col10a1 Expression in Chondrocytes

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a transmembrane isozyme of CAs that catalyzes reversible hydration of CO(2). While it is known that CA IX is distributed in human embryonic chondrocytes, its role in chondrocyte differentiation has not been reported. In the present study, we found that Car9 mRNA and CA IX were expressed in proliferating but not hypertrophic chondrocytes. Next, we examined the role ...